农业农村部农业生态与资源?；ぷ苷?/title>  <meta name="filetype" content="0"> <meta name="publishedtype" content="1"> <meta name="pagetype" content="1"> <meta name="catalogs" content="reea_21370"> <meta name="contentid" content="8741463"> <meta name="publishdate" content="2025-06-16 10:49:00"> <meta name="author" content=""> <meta name="source" content="农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站">  <link href="../../../../images/stzy0729_index.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="../../../../images/jquery-2.1.1.min.js"></script> <script src="../../../../images/stzy0729_js.js"></script> <style> .st_d_nr p{text-indent:0;} </style> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <script>var V_PATH="/";window.onerror=function(){ return true; };</script> </head> <body> <h1><a href="http://53c27.tbptc.cn/">附近小妹24小时空降_全国高端商务模特经纪人微信_本地同城附近200元_全国空降高端模特预约</a></h1><div id="wsoan" class="pl_css_ganrao" style="display: none;"><legend id="wsoan"><dd 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href="javascript:_changeFontSize(14,25);">中</a><a href="javascript:_changeFontSize(12,20);">小</a>】</span><span><a href="javascript:print();" class="st_dy">打印</a></span></p> </div> <div id="jq9zloo2" class="st_d_nr" id="nr"> <div id="jq9zloo2" class=TRS_Editor><style type="text/css"> .TRS_Editor P{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor DIV{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TD{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TH{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor SPAN{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor FONT{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor UL{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor LI{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor A{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}</style> <div id="jq9zloo2" class="TRS_Editor"><style type="text/css"> .TRS_Editor P{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor DIV{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TD{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor TH{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor SPAN{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor FONT{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor UL{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor LI{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}.TRS_Editor A{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}</style> <p>　　福寿螺[<em>Pomacea canaliculata</em> (Lamarck)]为腹足纲（Gastropoda）、中腹足目（Mesogastropoda）、瓶螺科（Ampullariidae）、瓶螺属（<em>Pomacea），</em>为两栖淡水软体动物。原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域，1981年作为食用经济动物引入我国广东省中山市。2000年，世界自然?；ち耍↖UCN）将其列为全球100种恶性外来入侵物种之一。2022年，农业农村部等六部门将其列入《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》。目前主要分布于长江沿线及以南的上海、浙江、江苏、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、海南、重庆、四川、云南等省（区、市）。</p> <p><strong>　　一、主要识别特征</strong></p> <p>　　（一）螺壳。外观与田螺近似，但螺旋部较平且短，成螺具4—7个螺层；第一螺层膨大，高度约占螺层总高的70%；外壳具光泽，分布多条深色细纵纹，体色随环境及螺龄变化呈现棕色、黄褐色、黑色或黑绿色等；爬行时头部及腹足伸出，头部具两对触角，前触角较短，后触角长，伸展后可超过螺体长度；螺体左侧具一肺吸管，起辅助呼吸作用。</p> <p align="center"><img width="850" style="border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px" alt="" oldsrc="W020250616391626212701.jpg" src="./W020250616391626212701.jpg" /></p> <p>　?。ǘ┞芽椤８Ｊ俾荻嘤谝辜湓谒嬉陨细稍镂锾寤蛑仓瓯砻妫ㄈ绻当?、墙壁、田埂、植物茎秆）产卵。卵块呈红色、长条形或椭圆形、多层垒叠，长2—5cm，宽1—2cm。卵粒圆球形，初产时鲜红色，直径约0.2—0.3cm。卵块外覆透明胶质黏液，1—2天后干燥固化，颜色渐淡呈粉红色，卵壳变硬变脆。5—7天后幼螺孵化，卵块变为灰白色。</p> <p align="center"><img width="850" style="border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px" alt="" oldsrc="W020250616391626229474.jpg" src="./W020250616391626229474.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>　　二、主要危害</strong></p> <p>　　（一）威胁粮食安全。对水稻等农作物造成严重危害，我国南方地区每年约百万公顷水稻遭受侵害。除水稻外，对其他水生作物和蔬菜亦有较大危害。</p> <p>　　（二）破坏水生生物多样性和生态系统功能。与本土螺类竞争生存资源，导致本土螺类减少或消失；食性杂，可取食大型水生植物、浮游植物、浮生藻类、无机及有机碎屑等，干扰或改变水生生物群落组成与结构，破坏生态系统结构，影响生态系统功能。</p> <p>　?。ㄈ┙档退寤肪持柿?。排泄量大，导致水体氨氮、硝态氮及溶解性磷酸盐含量升高，溶解氧含量下降。</p> <p>　　（四）影响人体健康。广州管圆线虫（<em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em>）的中间宿主，若食用未充分煮熟螺肉，可引发人体嗜酸性脑膜炎。</p> <p>　　（五）破坏水体景观。在景观植物、沟渠坡岸、桥涵构筑物表面产卵，卵块颜色鲜红、密度高、附着时间长，易引发公众心理不适。</p> <p><strong>　　三、主要防控策略与措施</strong></p> <p>　?。ㄒ唬┓揽夭呗?/p> <p>　　1.强化检疫监管。未发生区需重点监控从发生区引入的水生植物、水产饲料等，仔细检查附着幼螺及螺卵，及时发现并处置，严防人为因素引入扩散。</p> <p>　　2.建立健全监测预警体系。发生区需密切监测其扩散动态，建立健全监测预警体系，加强日常监管。水稻主产区应增加调查密度与频次，实施定点、定人、定田监测，全面掌握发生面积、密度、螺卵数量等动态信息，及时上报，科学发布预警，推广防控技术。</p> <p>　　3.加强部门协同。福寿螺适应多种水域类型（农田、河流、湖泊、沟渠、湿地等），需多部门协同联动开展防控。</p> <p>　　4.推进区域联防联控。福寿螺扩散能力强，邻近区域需加强协作，联合采取技术措施，以实现有效控制。</p> <p>　　5.加强宣传培训。充分利用各类媒体（电视、报刊、网络、移动端等）广泛宣传，普及识别及防控知识，动员群众参与，提升全社会防控意识，构建群防群治机制。组织农业管理人员及种植户开展识别与防控技术培训，并进行田间操作示范。</p> <p>　?。ǘ┓揽卮胧?/p> <p>　　遵循“预防为主，综合防治”原则，优先采用农业防治、物理防治和生物防治，在严重发生区域可酌情采用化学防治。</p> <p>　　1.农业防治</p> <p>　　（1）沟渠清淤整治。冬季对农田沟渠进行清淤整治。排干渠水，清除底部表层淤泥及杂草，破坏福寿螺越冬场所，降低越冬成活率，减少繁殖基数。</p> <p>　?。?）旋耕灭螺。插秧前进行旋耕作业，利用高速旋转耙刀击碎、碾轧螺体，消灭部分潜藏于土壤中的福寿螺。</p> <p>　?。?）浅水控灌。水稻生长季节宜浅水勤灌。</p> <p>　?。?）适时晒田。根据水稻种植周期，在适宜时期排水晒田。</p> <p>　?。?）水旱轮作。在同一地块按季节轮换种植水稻与旱作作物。</p> <p>　　2.物理防治</p> <p>　?。?）拦网阻隔。在农田进、出水口安装专用金属拦网（推荐网目5目）或专用拦截装置，防止福寿螺随水流扩散。拦截时，注意防止网孔堵塞，保障水流畅通。</p> <p>　?。?）诱集产卵。在水稻生长季节，可在田间布设木条或竹片诱集福寿螺产卵，每亩布设30—35根，露出水面高度50—60cm。与拦网、水稻植株、杂草及田埂上的卵块一并收集后深埋或粉碎处理。</p> <p>　　（3）人工摘除。定期组织人员摘除田间福寿螺成螺、幼螺，收集后深埋或破碎螺壳后用作鸡鸭饲料。</p> <p>　?。?）水冲灭卵。在福寿螺产卵盛期，使用高压水枪将卵块冲刷落水，降低螺卵孵化几率。</p> <p>　　（5）器械诱捕。在农田进、出水口周边设置诱捕器，内置食诱剂。可辅以绿色光源增强诱捕效果。</p> <p>　　3.生物防治</p> <p>　?。?）鸭食控螺。</p> <p>　　放鸭时机：根据鸭龄确定。雏鸭可于插秧后约7天放入，成鸭宜在插秧后约20天放入，避免损伤秧苗。</p> <p>　　放养密度：每亩稻田10—20只为宜。</p> <p>　　收鸭时间：水稻成熟前需及时收回鸭子，防止啄食稻谷。</p> <p>　　稻后控螺：水稻收获后，可将鸭群驱入稻田摄食残留福寿螺，降低越冬基数及次年繁殖量。</p> <p>　?。?）鱼类控螺（青鱼、鲤鱼）。</p> <p>　　放鱼时机：水稻返青后投放。</p> <p>　　放养密度：每亩300—500尾鱼种，可根据福寿螺密度适当调整。</p> <p>　　鱼种规格：推荐选用规格为50—80尾/公斤的鱼种。</p> <p>　　4.化学防治</p> <p>　?。?）广谱性药剂灭杀。</p> <p>　　春耕前沟渠灭螺：春耕前，使用四聚乙醛颗粒剂杀灭沟渠中越冬成螺。操作方法：将药剂均匀撒施于沟渠底部及两侧，确保覆盖越冬螺体。</p> <p>　　泡田期及危害盛期施药：泡田准备插秧时或福寿螺危害严重期，可选用：6%四聚乙醛颗粒剂，0.5kg/亩，均匀撒施或拌细土约10kg后撒施；70%杀螺胺可湿性粉剂，0.06kg/亩，兑水20L均匀喷雾。</p> <p>　　注意事项：施药后田间需保持水深3—4cm，避免随意加水或换水。施药后7天内禁止将田水排入沟渠、鱼塘等水域，禁止在稻田放鸭。</p> <p>　?。?）施肥灭螺一体化。水稻秧苗移栽前施用碳酸氢铵，兼具施肥与杀螺效果。</p> <p>　?。?）茶粕灭螺。整地施底肥时，将茶粕（每亩用量5kg）与底肥混合后均匀撒施。</p> <p>　　5.资源化利用防控</p> <p>　　集中收购福寿螺，将其螺肉加工成干粉，制成水产或畜禽饲料，实现“变废为宝、以用促控”。</p> <p><strong>　　四、适宜区域</strong></p> <p>　　本技术适宜在水文地质条件较简单的普通农田、集中连片农田、高标准农田及池塘应用。</p> <p><strong>　　五、注意事项</strong></p> <p>　　（一）因地制宜选用技术。各地应结合本地实际，灵活选用综合防控技术中的单项或组合措施。例如，物理阻隔适用性广，生物防治可与农业措施结合，化学防治需严格评估风险。</p> <p>　?。ǘ┡涮桌菇厣枋?。建议在高标准农田建设中同步安装本技术所述专用拦截装备（如金属拦网），提升阻隔效能。</p> <p>　?。ㄈ┛蒲У髡┘劣昧??；Х揽厥?，喷雾型制剂用量与田间水层深度正相关；撒施型制剂用量与福寿螺发生密度正相关。实际操作中应根据具体情况精准计算并调整用量。</p> <p>　?。ㄋ模┭峡鼗б┘潦褂??；б┘链嬖谖廴舅寤肪臣暗竟炔辛舴缦?。稻田发生区应优先采用农业、物理和生物防治方法，最大限度减少化学药剂使用。</p> <p>　　（五）坚持持续防控。福寿螺防控具有长期性和复杂性，需建立长效机制，持续投入，方可取得实效。</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="jq9zloo2" id="fj" 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