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A{line-height:1.7;font-family:宋体;font-size:12pt;}</style> <p align="center">地膜科学使用回收试点工作专家指导组</p> <p align="center">农业农村部农业生态与资源?；ぷ苷?/p> <p>　　地膜覆盖是西北地区棉花种植不可或缺的农艺生产措施。为做好2025年春季西北地区棉花地膜科学使用与回收处置，提出如下技术指导意见。</p> <p><strong>　　一、加强残膜回收处理。</strong>在春耕播种前，要及时清理回收耕地中残留地膜，保护好耕地质量和农业生态环境。</p> <p><strong>　　1.回收时机。</strong>在棉花播种前，结合整地实施机械化捡拾回收。宜选择土壤含水量适宜的时机（以“手握成团、落地即散”为标准），防止土壤过干造成残膜易碎或膜土难分离。</p> <p><strong>　　2.回收方式。</strong>宜采用弹齿式、搂耙式残膜回收机，或整地与残膜回收联合作业机进行耕层残膜回收，确保残膜起膜率≥85%、拾净率≥90%，残膜含杂率控制在15%以内，作业应符合《残地膜回收机作业质量》（NY/T 1227-2019）要求。</p> <p><strong>　　3.后续处理。</strong>离田的残膜需经过分拣、除杂工序，对膜杂易分离、含杂率低的残膜，鼓励通过再生造粒、燃料提取等方式进行资源化利用；对膜杂分拣难度大、含杂率高的残膜，鼓励通过农村生活垃圾处置系统进行无害化处理。</p> <p><strong>　　二、合理选择地膜产品。</strong>针对西北地区干旱缺水、光照强、风沙相对较大、昼夜温差大等特点，棉花种植时应选用加厚或高强度聚乙烯地膜，应符合《聚乙烯吹塑农用地面覆盖薄膜》（GB 13735-2017）中I类耐老化地膜相关要求，地膜厚度在0.01mm以上、有效覆盖使用时间180天以上、使用后纵向断裂标称应变不小于初始值50%，同时原料中不得加入再生料及国家明确禁止使用、不利于作物生长、有害土壤的助剂，总灰分控制在0.5%以内。农户选用地膜时，应到正规农资店购买，注意查看合格证，妥善保存好购买凭证。</p> <p><strong>　　三、科学运用覆膜技术。</strong>根据栽培模式、灌溉条件、地膜类型等情况，选用适宜的覆盖栽培方式，确保地膜覆盖功效发挥和用后可回收。</p> <p><strong>　　1.机采棉膜下滴灌栽培技术。</strong>采用平铺覆膜方式结合滴灌技术，并配合机械化精量播种技术，在地膜上精准开孔下种，一次性完成铺膜、铺滴灌带、播种、覆土、镇压等作业，提高棉苗出苗整齐度。</p> <p><strong>　　2.非机采棉膜下滴灌栽培技术。</strong>在棉花种植机械化程度有限的地区，采用小型农机膜上播种和膜下滴灌一体化机械作业，在铺膜机作用下将地膜紧贴于土壤铺平，确保膜下滴灌带紧贴地膜下方土面，避免形成空隙，地膜两侧覆土压实，压土宽度约5cm~10cm。</p> <p>　　棉花苗期应及时破膜引苗，破膜直径以幼苗出土所需为限，苗周适度覆土封膜，防止封土少造成膜下高温抽干穴口水分形成僵苗。采取人工或机械方式定期清除膜面及膜侧杂草，避免杂草破坏地膜。</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="jq9zloo2" id="fj" style="font-weight:bold;width:950px;margin-top:40px;font-size:16px;">相关附件：</div> <div class="jq9zloo2" id="fujian" style="width:950px;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;" ></div> <script> var fja=document.getElementById("fujian").innerText; if(fja==""||fja==null) { $("#fj").hide(); } else{$("#fj").show();} </script>  </div> </div> <div id="jq9zloo2" class="st_footer"> <div id="jq9zloo2" class="st_footer01"> <div id="jq9zloo2" class="st_footer01_1" style='width:80px;margin-top:18px;'> <script 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